ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered a robust tool that is widely used in different computer tasks. Machine Learning (ML) as an essential type of AI and deep learning (DL) is merely a branch of (ML). DL can mainly be helping to fast analysis of the medical images, especially the complex images, and this can speed up an early diagnosis of diseases. The Covid-19 pandemic has spread rapidly within societies, creating real panic for all people. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a sub-class of DL which is used to classify medical images. Researchers have exploited the merits of CNNs to deal with COVID-19. This merits and diversity enabled researchers and workers in this field to devise new methods used to detect early cases, predict patients, diagnose patients, design vaccines and drugs and others. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive survey of the previous works that used CNNs to implement different tasks associated to Covid-19 in order to enrich researchers and provide sufficient information for new works in the same field. © 2022 University of Bahrain. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread globally and a restriction of human mobility is still the only dynamic way that is undertaken by governments to control the transmission of the virus. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mobility on the spread of COVID 19. This research used driving, transit, and walking as mobility trends of real-time data to examine the correlation between human mobility and the spread of COVID 19 with Pearson's correlation. The study collects data from four countries (Australia, Germany, The United Kingdom and The United States of America) which are among the countries with the highest COVID-19 confirmed cases in the world. The findings showed that there is a positive correlation between mobility and the spread of COVID 19 and therefore, indicating that the increase in mobility is positively associated with the spread of COVID 19. In addition, the findings showed that the degree of citizen's commitment to national lockdown is a determining factor for limiting the spread of COVID 19. The degree of citizen's commitment to public orders of closure is the main influential factor to reduce the epidemic spread rather than the closure decision. More public awareness is needed to increase the sense of responsibility and commitment among citizens. © 2021 IEEE
ABSTRACT
Election is an important event in all countries. Conventional voting suffers many issues, such as cost of time and efforts needed for tallying and counting results, cost in papers, arrangements and all that it takes for a voting process to be achieved. Many countries such as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Switzerland, the UK, Venezuela and the Philippines considered online e-voting systems, but the traditional e-voting systems suffer a lack of trust, it is not known if a vote is counted correctly, tampered or not. The voter has no guarantee that his/her vote is considered as they voted in elections, it's a lack of transparency. A solution is e-voting systems based on blockchain (sometimes referred as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)) has now turned to be promising for what properties it offer, such as, privacy, security, transparency, accuracy, decentralization in which no central control exist, and most of all, creates an immutable system, where citizens are allowed to vote from their location by using digital devices (smart phones, computers, electronic voting machines). Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many technology applications are heading towards systems with all these properties, at the same time, maintaining social distancing. This review introduced many different ideas for implementing e-voting systems based on Blockchain and how the users (voters and candidates) interact with the system showing the voting process from the first step of registration to authentication till showing the final results. At the end of this review we will illustrate a table that contain all mechanisms used in the papers involved that covers the most important requirements needed for every e-voting system based on blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.